bruder>Знаете , я тут 2 дня изучал архивы форума ,но так и не нашел ничего про топлива с свободными радикалами и прочим суперэнергосодержанием .
Вот кое-что из суперэкзотики:
твёрдое топливо на основе метастабильного гелия ( He IV-A ), удельный импульс около 22000 м/с при 50% концентрации He*.
Двигатель на таком топливе будет иметь импульс сравнимый с электрореактивными двигателями и высокую тягу, характерную для химических. При наличии такого топлива можно будет поворачивать орбиту на 180 градусов...
METASTABLE HELIUM
There are many examples of metastable or long-lived excited states in
nature. For example, diamonds are thermodynamically unstable with respect to
conversion to graphite; in this sense, diamonds are metastable although they
have a vanishingly small rate of conversion to graphite. For metastable
helium, the lowest triplet state of helium corresponds to a configuration in
which there is one electron each in the 1s and 2s atomic orbitals with both
electrons having parallel spins (triplet spin state). This configuration is
both orbital angular momentum and spin angular momentum "forbidden" to
transfer to the ground state configuration and is thus metastable. (The
ground state configuration consists of two electrons with opposite spins in
the 1s orbitals; the opposite or antiparallel spins form a singlet spin
state. The electron in the 2s orbital is "forbidden" to go to the 1s
orbital; likewise the electron spin is "forbidden" from going from the
triplet to singlet spin state.)
Unfortunately, almost any perturbations to the atoms, such as those caused
by collisions, trapping in matrixes, molecule formation, etc., result in a
weakening of the forbiddenness of transition, and thus a shorter lifetime.
As is the case with atomic hydrogen, the electron spins could be "locked" in
their spin orientation by application of an external magnetic filed. By
forcing the electron spins to remain parallel, transitions to the ground
state can be inhibited, thus increasing the lifetime of the triplet species.
For this reason, methods aimed at spin-alignment of the triplet state have
been pursued to increase the lifetime and concentration of the excited
species. Finally, note that isolation in a solid matrix is not necessarily
advantageous as it was with atomic hydrogen. This is due to the fact that
parallel spins must be maintained on the same atom rather than on separate
atoms. Also, the close proximity of atoms in a solid or liquid matrix (or
during intermolecular collisions) strongly perturbs the atoms and shortens
the lifetime by reducing the "forbidden" nature of the transition.
Metastable electronically-excited triplet helium (He*) can release 114
kcal/g when the atom returns to its ground (unexcited) electronic state
(He). This is over twice the energy available with atomic hydrogen and
results in an ideal Isp of about 3150 lbf-s/lbm. Recent theoretical models
have suggested that it may be possible to form a room temperature molecular
solid containing diatomic molecules made from one excited and one ground
state helium atom (He2*).
This solid, denoted He IV-A, could be used in solid propellant rockets; the
Isp would be about 2200 lbf-s/lbm corresponding to a 50% concentration of
He*. This is an Isp characteristic of electric propulsion systems and yet a
metastable helium rocket wuld have the advantage of high thrust and high
Isp. Finally, when compared to the atomic hydrogen propellant, the higher
Isp and higher density of a solid metastable helium propellant would
minimize the density-Isp and mass fraction difficulties encountered with an
atomic hydrogen rocket.
[ слишком длинный топик - автонарезка ]